Burner for fluid fuel



W. DEDERICHAND S. WILLNER. aumusa or: FLUID FUEL. APPLICATION FILED APR. 22. 1920.

Patented May 23, W2.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

w. DEDERICH AND s. WILLNER. BURNER FOR FLUID FUEL 2 SHEETS SHEET 2.

Patented May 23, 1922..

APPLICATION FILED APR. 22, I920.

ltl i i ii i t fi fi eWILLIAIWh l lLlilDlEItI Gl-I AND SIGMUND WILLNER, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

mag ne.

To all whom it may concern Be 1t known that we, VVILLIADII Dnnnnion,

a subject of the Kingcf England, and film MUND VVILLNER, formerly a subject of the German Empire, but now denationalized, both residing in London England have invented certaln newand useful Improvements in Burners for Fluid Fuel of which the fol-- lowing is specification.

This invention is for improvements in or relating to burnersfor fluid fuel and has particular reference tothose burners in which thecombustion of fuel, such as heavy hydrocarbonscf the nature of tar or pitch,

or other viscous fluidfuel is effected.

I'litherto in burners in which such fuel is employed cold or warmed fuel has been introduced into the burner with or without pressure, either through spray nozzles or by means of steam injectors, and in such burners the fuel has been in the main discharged in the form of a spray or liquirh only-a small portion of it hemp; discharged in the fornrof vapour, whereas a'burner acthefuel in the form ofvapour with a com paratively small proportion. if any, of liquid particles in it:

lln someiofthe burners already known the fuel has in the first place been mixed with steam or superheated steam or compressed air, and then this mixture hasbeen carried into the burner in a vaporone form. a a

In both of these types of burners previously used, however, there has also been the further difliculty that they tend to become clogged by particles of fuel clinging either to the main bore of the burner or to the outlet therefrom; this difficulty is overcome by means of thepresent invention.

A burner according to this invention is characterized by the provision of vaporizing-chamberwherein a heated impactsurhot carrying-fined therefor on to the said face is provided (for example one wall of the chamber or a member there n) In and by means to project a mixed stream offuel and Specification of Letters Patent.

cording to the present invention discharges BURNER, F013 FLUID FUEL.

Patented May 23, i922.

- Application filedhpril 22, 1920. Serial No. 375,875.

may, according to this invention, have the said vaporizing chamber formed with a constricted outlet for the purpose described and be provided with a second impact surface within the burner to receive the issuing stream from these-id outlet.

In the accompanying drawings @Figure 1 is a centrallongitudinal section through a burner. constructed according to one method of carrying out this invention;

Figure 2 is a section of Figure 1 on the line 9 2;

Figure 3 is alongitudinal central section through a burner, constructed according to another method of carrying out this invention;

Figure l is a central section through the burner-nozzle in a plane at right-angles to the section in Figure 3;

Figure 5 is an end view of the burnernozzle, and a t Figure 6 is a section through Figure 8 on the line 6-d i l i Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings. y i

In the construction shown in Figure 1 the burner-tube A is contracted at the centre and situated about centrally therein is a vaporizing-chamber B. This chamber is formed by a plate 13 which constitutes the heated member or wall of the vaporizingchamber, and is disposed within the bore of the burner and opposite the end of the inlet conduit for the fuel indicated at C so as to afford an impact surface on to which the fuel is projected The plate B extends right across the upper portion of the bore of the burner so that a pocket is formed in the upper wall which is closed at that end remote fronithe nozzle D but is open at the end which is towards the nozzle as shown at B Eicrewed into the top of the burner is a fitting E in which is provided the conduit G already referred to. and two other conduits and E respectively, The conduits E and E have communication with a nipple E for connection to a supply-conduit for steam or any other selected heating medium which can be supplied under pres: sure, and the conduit C has a nipple C for connection to a conduit whereby the viscous fuel maybe supplied. The conduits E E and G constitute, in effect an injector-type device whereby stream of mixed fuel and carrying fluid are projected into the chant ber B, As shown in Figure 2 the mouth of the conduit C lies between the months of the conduits E and E and these latter conduits themselves extend up on opposite sides of the conduit C.

At the back of the burner-tube ll, a steam nozzle F is mounted. being; provided with means outside the burner for atlachnient to aconduit for the main supply of steam, or such other hot lluid may be employed for driving the fuel forward and completing:' its vaporization. An air-admission plate F is situated at the back of the burner and can be adjusted to regulate the amount of air allowed to pass into the burner.

Opposite the outlet B from the vaporizing-chamber B, the upper wall of the burner is sloped downwards as shown at A constituting at this point, a second impact surface for the fuel.

The operation of this burner is as follows Viscous fuel such as tar is fed down the central conduit C on to the plate B which constitutes one wall of the vaporizing-chamber B. The main steam supply fed in by the nozzle F strikes this plate and keeps it hot so that the fuel projected there onto is vaporized. The vaporization is further assisted by the steam admitted by the conduits E E which. strikes the plate in front of and also behind the incoming jet of fuel. This steam, further, drives thefuel off the plat/e13 and out from the vaporizing-chamher by the outlet B on to the second impact surface A after which it is caught by the main supply of steam and carried to the nozzle D where vaporization is completed, prior to its being discharged from the mouth of the nozzle. The steam in the conduits E; E also warms the fuel before it reaches the vaporizing-chamber. and although the con duits C E and E are shown somewhat short it will be appreciated that they can be made of any length desired so as to give time for the fuel to become suliiciently warmed on its way to the vaporizing-chamber to make it flew easily into the same.

In the construction shown in Figures 3 to 6, the burner-tube G takes the form of a straight barrel having screwed into its forward end a nozzle G and into the-back end a somewhat egg shaped vaporizing chamber H, i

The vaporizing-chamber is in line with the bore of the burner, and the conduit for the main supply of steam or other hot fluid extends straight through the vaporizingchamber and well in to the lnu'nei.'-tubc in which 'it is centrallysituated, but which it does not fill laterally.

At the back of the vaporizing-chamber and at the top thereof an injector-type device is provided comprising a conduit ll by which steam or other hot fluid entcrs the chamben and situated centrally within which is another conduit ll for the viscous l'uel. The outlet of this inner conduit lies directly opposite the conduit l for the main steam supply which extends through the \HPOl'lYr inn-chamber in a direction which is transverse to the direction of travel of the fuel entering! by the conduit ll. The conduit .I

thus constitutes a heated impact surface for the fuel projected from the nozzle of the conduit H At the point where the vaporizing-chainber communicates with the lnn'ncr-tube a series of spiral-batlles K. Figures 3 and (3 are provided and the vaporizingpchamber is larger than the bore of the lnn'ner-tuliie so that it is contracted to meet the same, and the outlet lies at right-angles to the inlet.

The end of the conduit- J enters the rear end of the nozzle (l and the passage through this rear end is contracted as shown at G, this portion constituting a second impact surface for the fuel. Moreover the forward end of the conduit J eo-operates with the contraction at G to operate as an injector device whereby the mixture is projected vio lently into an enlai'genient G. The nozzle then has the enlargement (i followed by another contraction G" and a further enlargement G The mouth of the nozzle is flattened so that it is wide in one direction and narrow in the other as shown at G, Figure The operation of this burner is as foliows:

The hydrocarbon fuel is fed down the conduit ll and is warmed by the steam adiniil'cd by the conduit ll, stcani are projected into the vaporizingclnunber H and in'ipingrc against the conduit fl which is heated by the main steam supply passing through it. The fuel and steam also in'ipinne against the bottom wall of the chamber H which is kept hot by its being: in metallic contact with the wall of the conduit 'l The shape of the vaporizinnw'ham her ll causes the steam and fuel to be well mixed in the chamber. and this is further efi ected by the spiral-bullies K. which the fuel and steam pass as they leave the vaporizing-chamber and enter the lnirner-tnbe. Here vaporization is again assisted by the centrally situated main steam-conduit and by the whirling motion in the tube G together with the frictional :n'lion against the walls of this part. vaporization is completed by the Fuel with its initial steamsupply coming into contact with the main steam-supply in the nozzle G The cow traction G followed by the enlargement G and another contraction G followed by another enlargement G is a device whereby the mixture is subjected to a succession of The fuel and rapid rises and falls of pressure afterleaving the impact surface, the object of eifecting these changes of pressure being to assist in completing thevaporization of the fuel.

lift is found that with either of these forms of burner, thorough vaporization of the fuel is effected and clogging does not occur. The steam which is fed in with the fuel helps to prevent clogging as it impinges against such fuel as adheres temporarilyto the wall of the vaporizer or the heated member therein, so that the fuel isthus carried forward and made to mix intimately with the steam by the various contracted portions through which it passes, with the result that it is thoroughly vaporized.

As has been indicated throughout this specification other heating-fluids can be used instead of steam, and the invention is not restricted to the use of tar as the fuel.

What we claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is i 1. In a burner for viscous fuels, the combination of a burner body, a vaporizing chamber within the burner body having an outlet converging towards the nozzleof the burner and distinct from the burner tube, an inlet into the saidvaporizing chamber, a second inlet into said vaporizing chamber side by side with the first said inlet, an im pact surface within the vaporizing chamber and situated directly across the path of fluid entering by the said inlets, means for heating the said impact surface, a second impact surface within the burner situated between. the vaporizing chamber and the nozzle in the path of fluid passing from the former to the latter, means for supplying fuel to one of said inlets and hot carrying-fluid therefor to the other of the said inlets, and means for introducing a supply of hot fluid at the said second impact surface into the stream from the vaporizing chamber, substantially as described.

2. A burner body whereof thedelivery end comprises at least two portions of larger bore than the immediately posterior portion and a constricted bore between each pair of adjacent said portions of lar er bore, a vaporizing chamber within the burner body having an outlet converging towards the nozzle of the burner and distinct from the burner tube, an inlet into the said vaporizing chamber, a second inlet into the vaporizing chamber side by side with the first said inlet, an impact surface within the vaporizing chamber and situated directly across the path of fluid entering by the said inlets, means for heating the said. impact surface, a second impact surface within the burner situated between the vaporizing chamber and the nozzle in the pathof fluid passing from the former to the latter, means for supplying fuel to one of the said inlets and hot carryingfluid therefor to the other of the said inlets,

and means forintroducing a supply of hot fluid at the said second impact surface into the stream issuing from the vaporizing chamber, substantially as described.

3. A burner for viscous fuels, com 'nfising a vaporizing chamber having a wall in the form of a plate which spans a segmentof the bore of the burner forming a pocket on one side wall thereof, said pocket being closed by the plate at that end which is away from the nozzle of the burner and open at the other end, means feeding the fuel into said pocket on said plate, and means for continuously heating said plate, substantially as described.

4-. A burner for viscous fuels, comprising the combination with a burner-tube, a vaporizingchamber that opens into the tube and has an impact surface, and fuel supply means for projecting a stream of heated fuel on to said impact surface, of a conduitfor heating said impact surface, and injecting into said stream after its contact with said impact surface, a stream of hot fluid, said conduit being so arranged relatively to said fuel-supply means that part of the incoming fuel impacts on said conduit and all the fuel is heated by the said hot fluid as both flow towards the outlet of the burner tube.

5. A burner for viscous fuelscomprising the combination of a burner-tube, a vaporizing-chamber that is situated in line with the bore of the tube, opens into the latter, and has a portion of its wall constituting an impact surface, a conduit that traverses the vaporizingchamber and extends through its outlet for supplying a hot fluid through the tube, a portion of the wall of said conduit in the vaporizing-chamber constituting a second impact surface, and fuel-supply means for projecting a stream of heated fuel on to both of said impact surfaces.

6. A burner for viscous fuels. comprising the combination of a burner-tube, a vaporizing-chamber that is situated. in line with the bore of the tube, and. has a constricted outlet opening into the tube, a conduit that traverses the vaporizing-chamber and extends through its outlet for supplying a hot fluid through the tube, a portion of the wall of said conduit in the vaporizing chamber constituting an impact surface, and fuel-supply means for projecting a stream of heated fuel on to said impact surface. a

7. A burner for viscous fuels connorising in combintion a burner-tube, a vaporizingchanfber situated in line with the bore of the burner-tube and having its outlet opening into the same, a fluid-supply conduit for hot fluid that extends through the vaporizing-chamber and its outlet and along the bore of the burner-tube, the external diameter of which conduit is less than the internal diameter of the burner-tube, whereby the space between the said conduit and the innames to this s pecification in the presence ternel Wall of the burner-tube constitutes of two subscribing;- Witnesses.

:31 combined mixing and vaporizing-chamber, and means for projecting a stream of heated fuel on. to the conduit in the former vaporizing-chamber and on to the wall of the latter, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof We have signed our M. DEDERICH. SIGMUND WILLNER.

"Vit-nesses;

R. SILYESTER, C. \VILLNER; 

